As the demand for technology aboard yachts continues to grow, so does the use of lithium-ion batteries, which power everything from personal devices to key ship equipment. While these batteries are generally reliable and efficient, they can pose serious risks if not properly managed. Whether you’re a seasoned crew member or a yacht owner, understanding the potential hazards associated with lithium-ion batteries is crucial for ensuring onboard safety.
Here are 10 important things you may not know about lithium-ion batteries and why you should care:
- The 4 Main Risks of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries are not without risks. The four main dangers include:
- Toxic gases: If a battery is damaged or malfunctions, it can release dangerous gases.
- Explosive gases: A compromised battery can generate explosive gases.
- Fire: A battery fire is not only dangerous but can spread rapidly.
- Thermal runaway: This phenomenon can lead to catastrophic consequences, as we’ll discuss below.
- What Is Thermal Runaway?
Thermal runaway is one of the most dangerous risks associated with lithium-ion batteries. It occurs when a battery’s temperature rises uncontrollably due to internal failures, triggering a self-sustaining, exothermic (heat-releasing) reaction. This results in the battery igniting on its own and continuing to burn. Once a battery enters thermal runaway, it’s extremely difficult to extinguish the fire.
- A Battery Failure Can Reach Extreme Temperatures
In the event of a failure, the temperature inside a lithium-ion battery can spike up to a staggering 850°C (1562°F)within seconds. This makes any failure highly dangerous, especially if you’re dealing with a large battery bank.
- Warning Signs of Thermal Runaway
Recognizing the early signs of thermal runaway can help mitigate risk:
- Elevated temperature: The battery may feel hot to the touch.
- Deformation: The battery’s shape may distort or swell.
- Smoke or unusual odors: A sign that something is wrong inside the battery.
- Overvoltage: A battery that has been overcharged may show abnormal voltage levels.
- Water Can Protect, But It Won’t Stop the Fire
Water can be effective in protecting lithium-ion battery compartments by cooling them down temporarily. However, lithium-ion’s self-oxidizing nature means that the fire could reignite, even if the initial flames are doused. This is why additional precautions are necessary.
- AVD Fire Extinguishers Are Essential
Aqueous Vermiculite Dispersion (AVD) fire extinguishers are designed specifically for lithium-ion battery fires. They create a thermal and oxygen barrier, helping to prevent the fire from spreading. For optimal effectiveness, it’s important to use the entire contents of the extinguisher, which is why you should always have at least two AVD fire extinguishers on board.
- Lithium-Ion Fire Blankets Can Withstand Extreme Heat
Lithium-ion specific fire blankets can significantly reduce heat levels from a dangerous 800°C (1472°F) down to 100°C (212°F), making it a vital tool in your onboard fire safety plan.
- Batteries Above 100 Wh Are Considered Dangerous Goods
Any device with a battery capacity of over 100 Wh is classified as a dangerous good. For comparison, a portable drill typically has a battery capacity of 90-100 Wh, so you can imagine how much energy is stored in larger batteries. Ensure these are properly handled and stored to minimize risk.
- Risks of Overcharging and Over-Discharging
Overcharging and over-discharging are major causes of battery failure. It’s crucial to use designated chargers that are specifically designed for the battery you’re using. Off-market chargers can increase the risk of overcharging, which may lead to overheating and even fires.
- Handle Damaged or Dropped Batteries with Caution
If a lithium-ion battery is dropped or subjected to physical stress (like heavy vibration), it should be treated with extreme care. If the battery shows any signs of damage, it should not be charged. New devices should also be handled cautiously, as you may not know how they were treated during transit.
- Have a Plan for Handling Suspect Batteries
It’s essential that your vessel has a clear plan for dealing with suspect batteries. If you suspect a battery is damaged or malfunctioning, take immediate precautions and do not attempt to charge it. Having procedures in place can help prevent potential disasters.
Conclusion: Safety First!
Lithium-ion batteries are a cornerstone of modern technology, but they must be handled with respect. Understanding their risks and how to mitigate them can help ensure the safety of your crew and vessel. With proper knowledge, preparation, and safety measures, you can avoid the dangers associated with these powerful energy sources. Stay safe and always be vigilant when dealing with lithium-ion batteries on board.
